A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the inner lining of the whole large bowel, including the rectum and colon. It is used to investigate symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habit, and to identify ulcers, polyps, inflammation or tumours, with biopsies and polyp removal possible during the same procedure.
If your cervical smear test indicates abnormal cells are present your consultant may recommend a colposcopy to examine the cells and tissue in your vagina and cervix.
Find out what a cystoscopy involves, why you might need one, how to prepare, what happens during the test, and the possible side effects to expect.
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the lining of the rectum and the lower part of the colon, sending live images to a screen. It is commonly used to investigate symptoms such as unexplained rectal bleeding or to monitor conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
A gastroscopy is a procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end to look inside your oesophagus (gullet), stomach and the first part of your small intestine. It's used to investigate symptoms such as persistent indigestion, difficulty swallowing or unexplained stomach pain.